Chapter 5 Review Questions Data Concepts of Database Management

Database Direction Systems - CS8492

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Database Management Systems

Database Management Systems

Unit of measurement I : RELATIONAL DATABASES

Unit 2 : DATABASE DESIGN

UNIT III : TRANSACTIONS

Unit of measurement Iv : IMPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUES

UNIT V : ADVANCED TOPICS

Refer

INTRODUCTION TO DBMS


Trust Direction in Virtualized Information Centers
Introduction to DBMS(Database Management Systems)
Purpose of Database Systems
File systems vs Database systems
Database System Terminologies
Data Models
Components of DBMS
Relational Algebra
ER Model
Functional Dependencies Definition
Database Normalization
Data Anomalies

SQL and QUERY OPTIMIZATION


SQL Overview
Information Types in SQL
object-oriented database management system
Data Definition Language or Data Description Language(DDL)
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Data Control Language(DCL)
Transaction Control Language (TCL)
Embedded SQL
Query Processing and Optimization (QPO)

TRANSACTION PROCESSING AND CONCURRENCY CONTROL


Transaction Processing
Introduction to Concurrency
Lock
Two-Stage Locking Techniques: The algorithm

TRENDS IN DATABASE Technology


Physical Storage Media
RAID: Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks
File Operations
Hashing
Indexing
B+-Tree Index Files
Data Warehouse
Data Mining
Mobile Databases
Spatial Database Types of Spatial Data
Multi-dimensional Indexes

Avant-garde TOPICS

FUNDAMENTALS OF Database Systems by Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B Navathe

Role 1 Introduction to Databases

chapter i Databases and Database Users


Databases and Database Users
An Instance - Databases and Database Users
Characteristics of the Database Approach
Actors on the Scene - Databases and Database Users
Workers behind the Scene - Databases and Database Users
Advantages of Using the DBMS Approach
A Brief History of Database Applications
When Not to Use a DBMS

chapter ii Database Organisation Concepts and Architecture


Database Organization Concepts and Compages
Data Models, Schemas, and Instances
Three-Schema Compages and Data Independence
Database Languages and Interfaces
The Database System Environment
Centralized and Client/Server Architectures for DBMSs
Classification of Database Management Systems

Role 2 The Relational Data Model and SQL

affiliate 3 The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints


The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints
Relational Model Concepts
Relational Model Constraints and Relational Database Schemas
Update Operations, Transactions, and Dealing with Constraint Violations

chapter 4 Bones SQL


Bones SQL
SQL Information Definition and Data Types
Specifying Constraints in SQL
Basic Retrieval Queries in SQL
INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE Statements in SQL
Additional Features of SQL

chapter 5 More SQL Complex Queries Triggers Views and Schema Modification


More SQL: Complex Queries, Triggers, Views, and Schema Modification
More Complex SQL Retrieval Queries
Specifying Constraints every bit Assertions and Actions as Triggers
Views (Virtual Tables) in SQL
Schema Change Statements in SQL

chapter half-dozen The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus


The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus
Unary Relational Operations: SELECT and PROJECT
Relational Algebra Operations from Prepare Theory
Binary Relational Operations: Join and Division
Additional Relational Operations
Examples of Queries in Relational Algebra
The Tuple Relational Calculus
The Domain Relational Calculus

PART three Conceptual Modeling and Database Design

chapter seven Data Modeling Using the Entity Relationship ER Model


Information Modeling Using the Entity-Human relationship (ER) Model
Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database Design
A Sample Database Application
Entity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and Keys
Relationship Types, Relationship Sets, Roles, and Structural Constraints
Weak Entity Types
Refining the ER Design for the Company Database
ER Diagrams, Naming Conventions, and Design Issues
Example of Other Notation: UML Class Diagrams
Relationship Types of Degree Higher than Ii

chapter 8 The Enhanced Entity Human relationship EER MODEL


The Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) Model
Subclasses, Superclasses, and Inheritance
Specialization and Generalization
Constraints and Characteristics of Specialization and Generalization Hierarchies
Modeling of Matrimony Types Using Categories
A Sample Academy EER Schema, Design Choices, and Formal Definitions
Example of Other Notation: Representing Specialization and Generalization in UML Form Diagrams
Data Brainchild, Knowledge Representation, and Ontology Concepts

chapter 9 Relational Database Design past ER and EER to Relational Mapping


Relational Database Blueprint past ER- and EER-to-Relational Mapping
Relational Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping
Mapping EER Model Constructs to Relations

chapter 10 Practical Database Design Methodology and Utilize of UML Diagrams


Practical Database Blueprint Methodology and Use of UML Diagrams
The Function of Information Systems in Organizations
The Database Design and Implementation Process
The Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase one: Requirements Collection and Analysis
The Database Design and Implementation Procedure: Phase 2: Conceptual Database Design
The Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 3: Pick of a DBMS
Database Pattern and Implementation Process: Phase 4: Data Model Mapping (Logical Database Design)
Database Design and Implementation Process: Stage v: Concrete Database Design
Database Design and Implementation Process: Phase 6: Database System Implementation and Tuning
Use of UML Diagrams as an Aid to Database Design Specification
Rational Rose: A UML-Based Pattern Tool
Automated Database Blueprint Tools

Part 4 Object Object Relational and XML Concepts Models Languages and Standards

chapter eleven Object and Object Relational Databases


Object and Object-Relational Databases
Overview of Object Database Concepts
Introduction to Object-Oriented Concepts and Features
Object Identity, and Objects versus Literals
Circuitous Type Structures for Objects and Literals
Encapsulation of Operations and Persistence of Objects
Blazon Hierarchies and Inheritance
Object-Relational Features: Object Database Extensions to SQL
The ODMG Object Model and the Object Definition Language ODL
Object Database Conceptual Blueprint
The Object Query Language OQL
Overview of the C++ Language Binding in the ODMG Standard

chapter 12 XML Extensible Markup Linguistic communication


XML: Extensible Markup Linguistic communication
Structured, Semistructured, and Unstructured Information
XML Hierarchical (Tree) Data Model
XML Documents, DTD, and XML Schema
Storing and Extracting XML Documents from Databases
XML Languages
Extracting XML Documents from Relational Databases

Function 5 Database Programming Techniques

affiliate 13 Introduction to SQL Programming TECHNIQUES


Introduction to SQL Programming Techniques
Database Programming: Techniques and Issues
Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL, and SQLJ
Retrieving Single Tuples with Embedded SQL
Retrieving Multiple Tuples with Embedded SQL Using Cursors
Specifying Queries at Runtime Using Dynamic SQL
SQLJ: Embedding SQL Commands in Java
Retrieving Multiple Tuples in SQLJ Using Iterators
Database Programming with Function Calls: SQL/CLI and JDBC
Database Stored Procedures and SQL/PSM
Comparison the 3 Approaches

chapter fourteen Web Database Programming Using PHP


Web Database Programming Using PHP
A Simple PHP Case
Overview of Bones Features of PHP
Overview of PHP Database Programming

PART 6 Database Design Theory and Normalization

chapter 15 Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization or Relational Databases


Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases
Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas
Functional Dependencies
Normal Forms Based on Primary Keys
General Definitions of Second and Tertiary Normal Forms
Boyce-Codd Normal Form
Multivalued Dependency and Fourth Normal Class
Join Dependencies and 5th Normal Form

chapter 16 Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies


Relational Database Pattern Algorithms and Further Dependencies
Further Topics in Functional Dependencies: Inference Rules, Equivalence, and Minimal Encompass
Properties of Relational Decompositions
Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Pattern
Almost Nulls, Dangling Tuples, and Culling Relational Designs
Further Discussion of Multivalued Dependencies and 4NF
Other Dependencies and Normal Forms

Office vii File Structures Indexing and Hashing

affiliate 17 Disk Storage Basic File Structures and Hashing


Disk Storage, Bones File Structures, and Hashing
Secondary Storage Devices
Buffering of Blocks
Placing File Records on Disk
Operations on Files
Files of Unordered Records (Heap Files)
Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files)
Hashing Techniques
Internal Hashing
External Hashing for Disk Files
Hashing Techniques That Allow Dynamic File Expansion
Other Main File Organizations
Parallelizing Disk Access Using RAID Technology
New Storage Systems

chapter 18 Indexing Structures for Files


Indexing Structures for Files
Types of Unmarried-Level Ordered Indexes
Multilevel Indexes
Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Copse and B+-Trees
Search Copse and B-Trees
B+-Trees
Indexes on Multiple Keys
Other Types of Indexes
Some General Issues Concerning Indexing

Function 8 Query Processing and Optimization and Database Tuning

chapter 19 Algorithms for Query Processing and Optimization


Algorithms for Query Processing and Optimization
Translating SQL Queries into Relational Algebra
Algorithms for External Sorting
Implementing the SELECT Functioning and Algorithms
Implementing the Bring together Operation and Algorithms
Algorithms for PROJECT and Prepare Operations
Implementing Aggregate Operations and OUTER JOINs
Combining Operations Using Pipelining
Using Heuristics in Query Optimization
Using Selectivity and Price Estimates in Query Optimization
Cost Components for Query Execution
Catalog Information Used in Cost Functions
Examples of Cost Functions for SELECT
Examples of Toll Functions for Bring together
Multiple Relation Queries and JOIN Ordering
Instance to Illustrate Toll-Based Query Optimization
Overview of Query Optimization in Oracle
Semantic Query Optimization

affiliate xx Physical Database Pattern and Tuning


Concrete Database Design and Tuning
Concrete Database Design in Relational Databases
Factors That Influence Physical Database Design
Physical Database Design Decisions
An Overview of Database Tuning in Relational Systems

PART ix Transaction Processing Concurrency Command and Recovery

chapter 21 Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory


Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory
Introduction to Transaction Processing
Transaction and Arrangement Concepts
Desirable Properties of Transactions
Characterizing Schedules Based on Recoverability
Characterizing Schedules Based on Serializability
Transaction Support in SQL

chapter 22 Concurrency Control Techniques


Concurrency Control Techniques
2-Phase Locking Techniques for Concurrency Command
Concurrency Control Based on Timestamp Ordering
Multiversion Concurrency Control Techniques
Validation (Optimistic) Concurrency Control Techniques
Granularity of Information Items and Multiple Granularity Locking
Using Locks for Concurrency Control in Indexes
Other Concurrency Control Issues

chapter 23 Database Recovery Techniques


Database Recovery Techniques
Recovery Concepts
NO-UNDO/REDO Recovery Based on Deferred Update
Recovery Techniques Based on Firsthand Update
Shadow Paging
The ARIES Recovery Algorithm
Recovery in Multidatabase Systems
Database Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic Failures

Role 10 Additional Database Topics Security and Distribution

chapter 24 Database Security


Database Security
Introduction to Database Security Issues
Discretionary Access Command Based on Granting and Revoking Privileges
Mandatory Access Control and Role-Based Access Control for Multilevel Security
SQL Injection
Introduction to Statistical Database Security
Introduction to Flow Control
Encryption and Public Key Infrastructures
Privacy Issues and Preservation
Challenges of Database Security
Oracle Label-Based Security

chapter 25 Distributed Databases


Distributed Databases
Distributed Database Concepts
Types of Distributed Database Systems
Distributed Database Architectures
Data Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation Techniques for Distributed Database Design
Query Processing and Optimization in Distributed Databases
Overview of Transaction Direction in Distributed Databases
Overview of Concurrency Control and Recovery in Distributed Databases
Distributed Catalog Direction
Current Trends in Distributed Databases
Distributed Databases in Oracle

Office 11 Avant-garde Database Models Systems and Applications

affiliate 26 Enhanced Data Models for Advanced Applications


Enhanced Data Models for Avant-garde Applications
Active Database Concepts and Triggers
Temporal Database Concepts
Spatial Database Concepts
Multimedia Database Concepts
Introduction to Deductive Databases

chapter 27 Introduction to Data Retrieval and Web Search


Introduction to Data Retrieval and Web Search
Information Retrieval (IR) Concepts
Retrieval Models
Types of Queries in IR Systems
Text Preprocessing
Inverted Indexing
Evaluation Measures of Search Relevance
Web Search and Analysis
Trends in Information Retrieval

chapter 28 Data Mining Concepts


Information Mining Concepts
Overview of Data Mining Technology
Association Rules
Classification - Information Mining
Clustering
Approaches to Other Information Mining Problems
Applications of Information Mining
Commercial Information Mining Tools

chapter 29 Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP


Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP
Introduction, Definitions, and Terminology - Data warehouses
Characteristics of Information Warehouses
Data Modeling for Data Warehouses
Edifice a Data Warehouse
Typical Functionality of a Data Warehouse
Data Warehouse versus Views
Difficulties of Implementing Data Warehouses

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